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Human papillomavirus genomics: Understanding carcinogenicity.

Chase W Nelson1, Lisa Mirabello2

  • 1Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA; Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, 10024, USA.

Tumour Virus Research
|February 22, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is necessary but not sufficient for cancer. Understanding HPV genetic variations and evolution is key to preventing and treating HPV-driven cancers.

Keywords:
Cervical cancerHPV evolutionHPV genomicsHPV16Next-generation sequencing (NGS)Within-host (intrahost) diversity

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Virology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Human papillomavirus (HPV) is linked to numerous cancers, yet only a fraction of HPV types are carcinogenic.
  • HPV is a necessary but insufficient cause of cervical cancer, with host and viral genetics playing crucial roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the influence of HPV genetic variation on cancer risk.
  • To contextualize HPV evolution at different diversity levels (between-type, within-type, within-host).
  • To discuss key concepts for interpreting HPV genomic data and methodologies for analyzing within-host variation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on HPV whole genome sequencing.
  • Analysis of HPV life cycle and evolutionary patterns.
  • Discussion of methodologies like deep sequencing for within-host variation analysis.

Main Results:

  • Fine-scale within-type HPV variation significantly impacts precancer and cancer risks.
  • These risks are influenced by histology and host race/ethnicity.
  • Deep sequencing reveals within-host HPV diversity beyond consensus sequences.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding HPV genomic diversity and evolution is critical for cancer prevention and treatment.
  • Further research into HPV carcinogenicity, host-viral interactions, and genetic factors is needed.
  • Advanced sequencing techniques are essential for comprehensive HPV analysis.