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Differentials in the Prevalence of Acute Respiratory Infections Among Under-Five Children: An Analysis of 37

Michael Ekholuenetale1, Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam2, Osaretin Christabel Okonji3

  • 1University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Global Pediatric Health
|February 23, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are common in children under 5 in Sub-Saharan Africa. Lower socioeconomic status, maternal education, and urban residence are linked to higher ARI prevalence.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) pose a significant health burden on children under five years old in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).
  • Understanding the geographical distribution and associated risk factors of ARIs is crucial for targeted public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and identify risk factors of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) in children under five years old across 37 Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries.
  • To analyze disparities in ARI occurrence and healthcare-seeking behaviors within the SSA region.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) for 37 SSA countries, focusing on children under five.
  • Employed forest plots to identify and visualize geographical disparities in ARI prevalence across SSA nations.

Main Results:

  • Observed high ARI prevalence in countries like Uganda, Kenya, and Sao Tome and Principe (9%).
  • High rates of seeking medical advice for ARI were noted in South Africa (88%) and Sierra Leone (86%).
  • Household wealth index, maternal education, and urban residence were significantly associated with ARI (p < 0.001), with higher prevalence in urban areas, low-income families, and children of less educated mothers.

Conclusions:

  • Reducing ARI prevalence requires improving socioeconomic status, child nutrition, and community awareness of pollution.
  • Interventions focusing on early diagnosis, treatment, and prevention are vital for decreasing ARI rates, especially in developing nations.
Abstract

Keywords:
acute respiratory infectionprevalencesub-Saharan countriesunder-five children

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