Inter-organ Crosstalk and the Effect on the Aging Process in Obesity

Aging is characterized by progressive regression in tissue and organ functions and an increased risk of disease and death. Aging is also accompanied by chronic low-grade inflammation. Both obesity and aging are associated with the development of metabolic diseases, leading to an increase in the senescent cell burden in multiple organs. Chronic low-grade inflammation of adipose tissue is one of the mechanisms implicated in the progression of these diseases. As a real endocrine organ, adipose tissue secretes many mediators and hormones (adipokines) to maintain metabolic homeostasis, and their dysfunction has been causally linked to a wide range of metabolic diseases. Dysfunctional adipose tissue participates in interorgan communication both by producing new signaling mediators and by transforming or disrupting signal mediators, reaching from other organs. In addition to obesity and similar metabolic diseases, this situation causes dysfunction in more organs in the aging process, and the complexity of the problem causes challenges in the diagnosis and treatment processes. This review aims to highlight recent developments and current information supporting the relationship between obesity and adipose tissue dysfunction with aging and the role of homeostatic and physio-pathological processes that mediate interorgan communication in aging progress. More understanding clearly of interorgan communication in the process of obesity and aging will facilitate the early diagnosis as well as the management of treatment practices in short- and long-term organ dysfunction.