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Mortality in patients with myocardial infarction and potential risk factors: A five-year data analysis
Camelia Rohani1, Hasanali Jafarpoor2, Yousef Mortazavi2
1Affiliated Researcher, Department of Health Care Sciences, Palliative Care Center, Marie Cederschiöld Högskola (Ersta Sköndal Bräcke University College), Campus Ersta, Stockholm, Sweden AND Associate Professor, Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Insights
Myocardial infarction (MI) mortality was 18.6% in Iranian patients. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were key risk factors, while hyperlipidemia showed a surprising protective effect, warranting further investigation.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading global cause of death.
- Understanding risk factors for myocardial infarction (MI) is crucial for prevention and reducing mortality.
- This study investigated MI mortality and risk factors in North Iran.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the mortality rate of myocardial infarction (MI) patients.
- To identify potential risk factors associated with MI.
- To analyze the relationship between risk factors and MI mortality.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective descriptive study design.
- Data collected from 564 MI patient medical records (2014-2018).
- Statistical analysis using SPSS, including descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression.
Main Results:
- Mean patient age was 62.78 years; 66.3% were male.
- Overall MI mortality was 18.6%, higher in women (P=0.001).
- Key risk factors: hypertension (46.6%), diabetes mellitus (DM) (38.5%), hyperlipidemia (24.1%). Diabetes increased mortality risk (OR: 2.33), while hyperlipidemia decreased it (OR: 0.23).
Conclusions:
- Prevention strategies should focus on hypertension and diabetes.
- The reduced mortality in hyperlipidemic MI patients requires further research.
- Prospective studies and laboratory research are recommended to explore hyperlipidemia's protective effect.
Background:
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is among the most common causes of death in almost all countries across the world. Awareness of risk factors for the management and prevention of the disease can reduce complications and mortality rates. This study was conducted with the aim to investigate the mortality and potential risk factors of myocardial infarction (MI) as well as their relationships in patients who were admitted to one university hospital in the North of Iran from 2014 to 2018.
Methods:
This study had retrospective descriptive design. Using a checklist, all necessary information was extracted from 5-year medical records data of MI patients in the university hospital from 2014 to 2018 (n = 564). The data analysis was performed in SPSS software using descriptive statistics and two binary logistic regression analyses.
Results:
The results showed that the mean age of the patients was 62.78 ± 13.38 years, and most of them were men (66.3%). The patients' mortality was 18.6% in a 5-year analysis. However, the number of mortalities was higher in the women (P = 0.001). Descriptive analysis showed that the most common risk factors of the disease in both genders were hypertension (46.6%), diabetes mellitus (DM) (38.5%), hyperlipidemia (24.1%), smoking (20%), and family history of CVDs (18.8%), respectively. However, the results of the adjusted regression model showed that the odds ratio (OR) of the patients' mortality increased in diabetic MI patients (OR: 2.33; 95%CI: 1.42-3.81; P = 0.001), but this ratio decreased in MI patients with a history of hyperlipidemia (OR: 0.23; 95%CI: 0.11-0.44; P ˂ 0.001).
Conclusion:
Based on the results, individual- and population-based prevention strategies by focusing on hypertension and diabetes are recommended in our health programs. Surprisingly, the mortality rate of MI patients was lower among those with a history of hyperlipidemia. There are different hypotheses for the cause of this. Therefore, laboratory studies with animal models and prospective cohorts are suggested for future studies.
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