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Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

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Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
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A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
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Change in atmospheric pressure with height is particularly interesting. The decrease in atmospheric pressure with increasing altitude is due to the decreasing gravitational force per unit area as we move away from the surface of the earth.
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A thermodynamic process that occurs at constant temperature is called an isothermal process. Heat slowly flows into the system or out of the system to maintain thermal equilibrium. Processes involving phase changes like water evaporation into steam or freezing water into ice at a constant temperature are examples of Isothermal Processes.
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Millennial-scale climate variability over land overprinted by ocean temperature fluctuations.

R Hébert1,2, U Herzschuh1,2,3, T Laepple1,4

  • 1Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany.

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Natural climate variability is stronger than previously thought, driven by ocean cycles on multi-decadal timescales. This finding challenges climate models and suggests unpredictable regional temperature shifts may occur.

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Area of Science:

  • Paleoclimatology
  • Climate Dynamics
  • Earth System Science

Background:

  • Understanding long-term natural temperature variability is crucial for accurate regional climate projections.
  • Terrestrial temperature variability is traditionally considered weak on long timescales.
  • Current climate models project relatively muted and homogeneous warming.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive estimate of regional temperature variability across timescales.
  • To investigate the origin and amplitude of long-term natural temperature fluctuations.
  • To contrast findings with current climate model projections.

Main Methods:

  • Spectral analysis of climate reconstructions from Northern Hemisphere sedimentary pollen records (last 8,000 years).
  • Integration of instrumental climate data with paleoclimate reconstructions.
  • Analysis of temperature variability from annual to millennial timescales.

Main Results:

  • Short-term temperature variations are influenced by strong, ocean-driven variability on multi-decadal and longer timescales.
  • Regions with stable oceanic climates exhibit stronger long-term variability, while continental regions show weaker long-term variability.
  • A marine-driven, low-frequency regime governs terrestrial climate variability.

Conclusions:

  • Terrestrial temperature variability is significantly stronger on long timescales than previously assumed.
  • Ocean-driven cycles can lead to substantial, unpredictable regional climate shifts.
  • The findings necessitate a re-evaluation of climate model projections for future regional warming.