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Building thalamic neuronal networks during mouse development.

Irene Huerga-Gómez1, Francisco J Martini1, Guillermina López-Bendito1

  • 1Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UMH-CSIC), Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain.

Frontiers in Neural Circuits
|February 23, 2023
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Summary

This review explores the development of excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the mouse thalamus, focusing on the visual pathway. It details how these neurons migrate, connect, and form circuits during development.

Keywords:
developmentinterneuronsmousethalamocorticalthalamus

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • The thalamus comprises excitatory projection neurons and inhibitory local neurons, crucial for sensory processing.
  • Most inhibitory neurons originate outside the thalamus and migrate during development, except in specific regions like the intergeniculate leaflet and parahabenular nucleus.

Approach:

  • This review synthesizes current knowledge on the developmental origins and circuit assembly of thalamic neurons.
  • Focuses on the visual pathway and the development of thalamic interneurons in mice.

Key Points:

  • Excitatory neurons and some inhibitory neurons originate within the developing thalamus.
  • Specific inhibitory neurons in the intergeniculate leaflet and parahabenular nucleus also develop from intrinsic thalamic progenitors.
  • Circuit formation involves genetic programs and extrinsic factors guiding cell migration, partner selection, and connection establishment.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the precise developmental trajectories of both excitatory and inhibitory thalamic neurons is key to deciphering sensory system assembly.
  • This review highlights the intricate processes governing the formation of the thalamocortical sensory system, particularly in the visual pathway.