Phenotypic differences of atopic dermatitis stratified by age.

Area of Science:

• Dermatology
• Clinical Phenotyping
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent skin condition affecting individuals across all age groups.
• Understanding the heterogeneity of age-related AD phenotypes is crucial for optimizing patient management.
• Existing research often lacks detailed age-specific phenotyping for AD.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify and characterize distinct clinical phenotypes of atopic dermatitis based on patient age.
• To provide a foundation for age-tailored therapeutic and management approaches for AD.
• To analyze the distribution and severity of AD symptoms across pediatric, young adult, and older adult populations.

Main Methods:

• A prospective, dermatology practice-based study involving 380 participants.
• Evaluation of AD severity through standardized questionnaires and comprehensive full-body examinations.
• Latent class analysis was employed to determine distinct phenotypic clusters based on clinical presentation.

Main Results:

• Significant differences in AD distribution and symptoms were observed across age groups.
• Young and older adults showed less AD on ankles and flexural areas compared to pediatric patients.
• Older adults presented with more AD on elbows, knees, and nipples, alongside keratosis pilaris and lichenification.

Conclusions:

• Distinct age-related phenotypes of atopic dermatitis exist, characterized by varying signs and symptoms.
• Pediatric patients generally experience a higher burden of AD symptoms compared to adult cohorts.
• Clinicians should consider these age-specific phenotypes for more effective and personalized AD management.