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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Vaccinia Reporter Viruses for Quantifying Viral Function at All Stages of Gene Expression
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Monkeypox: A current emergency global health threat.

Mohamud Sheek-Hussein1, Ahmed R Alsuwaidi2, Emma A Davies3

  • 1Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.

Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine
|February 23, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Monkeypox (MPXV) is a global health threat caused by a DNA virus. This review covers MPXV virology, transmission, clinical signs, and management, emphasizing a "one globe, one health" approach for prevention.

Keywords:
Emergencyhuman monkeypoxorthopoxviruspandemicpublic healthtransmissionvaccine

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Area of Science:

  • * Infectious Diseases
  • * Virology
  • * Public Health

Background:

  • * Monkeypox (MPXV) is an emerging zoonotic disease posing a significant global health threat.
  • * The virus is a double-stranded DNA virus, presenting clinical similarities to smallpox but with lower severity and mortality.
  • * Human-to-human transmission occurs via direct/close contact or contaminated materials, with specific risk groups identified.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To provide a comprehensive review of the current Monkeypox virus (MPXV) outbreak.
  • * To cover key aspects including virology, prevention strategies, clinical manifestations, and disaster management.
  • * To highlight the need for a global, integrated approach to mitigate the MPXV risk.

Main Methods:

  • * A multi-disciplinary review approach was employed.
  • * Information was synthesized on MPXV virology, transmission dynamics, and clinical presentations.
  • * Disaster management principles and lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic were considered.

Main Results:

  • * MPXV presents with characteristic skin lesions, often centrifugal, and can affect various body sites.
  • * While generally mild, MPXV can lead to long-term sequelae affecting skin, neurological, and ocular systems.
  • * Smallpox vaccination may confer immunity; MPXV vaccination is recommended for high-risk individuals.

Conclusions:

  • * Effective disaster management, informed by past pandemics, is crucial for controlling the MPXV outbreak.
  • * A "one globe, one health" approach is essential to manage the interconnected risks posed by MPXV.
  • * Timely and coordinated global action is necessary to prevent the worldwide entrenchment of MPXV.