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Miliary Tuberculosis with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Deadly Combination
Gaurang M Aurangabadkar1, Ulhas S Jadhav2, Sumer S Choudhary1
1Respiratory Medicine, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Nagpur, IND.
Cureus
|February 23, 2023
Summary
A rare presentation of miliary tuberculosis (TB) led to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Early diagnosis and treatment with anti-tubercular and corticosteroid therapy resulted in rapid patient recovery.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonology
- Infectious Diseases
- Critical Care Medicine
Background:
- Miliary tuberculosis (TB) is a severe disseminated form of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.
- Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening lung condition characterized by widespread inflammation and respiratory failure.
Observation:
- A 22-year-old male presented with prolonged weight loss, appetite loss, and acute worsening dyspnea.
- Radiological imaging (Chest X-ray and CT) revealed bilateral miliary opacities, indicative of disseminated TB.
- Laboratory tests showed hyponatremia and leukocytosis.
Findings:
- The patient was diagnosed with miliary tuberculosis presenting as ARDS.
- Treatment included non-invasive ventilation, intravenous corticosteroids, and anti-tubercular therapy.
- Clinical and radiological improvement was observed after one month of treatment.
Implications:
- This case highlights the critical importance of considering miliary TB in the differential diagnosis of ARDS.
- Prompt initiation of combined anti-tubercular and corticosteroid therapy can lead to favorable outcomes in severe TB cases.
- Early recognition and management are crucial for improving survival rates in patients with miliary tuberculosis and ARDS.
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