Controlled Hypotension for Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery With Two Different Doses of Fentanyl

Background and Objectives Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is a type of minimally invasive surgery done for acute and chronic sinus diseases or paranasal illnesses. The idea of FESS is to preserve the normal anatomy, which is non-obstructing and mucous membrane while removing tissue obstructing OMC (osteo metal complex) and facilitating drainage. The critical structures, including the brain, orbit, and carotid veins, the lack of adequate operating room, and bleeding that obscures endoscopic vision throughout the procedure may increase the likelihood of unfavorable surgical results. This study seeks to examine the hemodynamic effects of intubation and extubation as well as the impact of fentanyl infusion on lowering blood pressure during FESS procedures. Materials and Methods Sixty-eight patients from the American Society of Anesthesiologists classes 1 and 2 who were planned for functional endoscopic sinus operations were randomly split into two groups for this randomized prospective trial. Group 1 patient belonging to the fentanyl 2 mcg per kg bolus 30 minutes before induction followed by 2 mcg per kg per hr infusion for 90 minutes of surgery, and Group 2 patient belonging to fentanyl 1 mcg per kg bolus 30 minutes before induction followed by 1 mcg per kg per hr infusion for 90 minutes of surgery. The significance of the difference in quantitative measures was measured using the student-t test, and the Chi-square test was used to measure up the difference in proportion. Statistically significant was set at P<0.05. Results Mean systolic blood pressure was higher in members of Group 2 than in Group 1. In contrast to Group 2, Group 1 had considerably better surgical field conditions, surgeon satisfaction on the AONO'S scale, post-operative nausea and vomiting, and a post-operative VAS Score during the first 24 hours. Conclusion Pre-induction Fentanyl with infusion can effectively control hypotension during functional endoscopic sinus surgery.