NAD⁺-Consuming Enzymes in Stem Cell Homeostasis

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Cell Biology
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a crucial coenzyme in cellular redox reactions, energy metabolism, and mitochondrial biogenesis.
• Beyond redox roles, NAD+ serves as a cofactor for numerous nonredox enzymes, influencing diverse cellular pathways.
• Hundreds of NAD+-consuming enzymes have been identified, implicating them in critical cellular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the regulatory roles of NAD+-consuming enzymes in stem cell (SC) functions.
• To summarize current research on the involvement of NAD+ consumers in maintaining SC homeostasis.
• To provide an integrated perspective on the mechanisms and interventions related to SC homeostasis through NAD+-consuming enzymes.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of scientific publications.
• Analysis of studies investigating NAD+-consuming enzymes and their impact on cellular processes.
• Synthesis of current research findings on SC homeostasis and NAD+ metabolism.

Main Results:

• NAD+-consuming enzymes are integral to signal transduction, DNA repair, and cellular senescence.
• These enzymes play significant roles in maintaining the stability and function of stem cell populations.
• Specific NAD+ consumers differentially regulate various aspects of SC behavior and fate.

Conclusions:

• NAD+-consuming enzymes are key regulators of stem cell homeostasis.
• Understanding these enzymes offers potential therapeutic targets for modulating SC functions.
• Further research into NAD+ metabolism can illuminate novel strategies for regenerative medicine and age-related diseases.