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Nasal drip of dexmedetomidine for optimal sedation during PICC insertion in pediatric burn care

Yanxu Lu1, Cheng Peng2, Li Xie3

  • 1Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.

Medicine
|February 23, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Dexmedetomidine nasal drops offer a safe and effective alternative for pediatric sedation during peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) placement, showing higher success rates and faster onset than chloral hydrate. This novel approach may improve patient comfort and acceptance.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Anesthesiology
  • Pharmacology
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) placement in children often requires prolonged sedation.
  • Current sedatives like chloral hydrate have limited acceptance and suboptimal efficacy.
  • Dexmedetomidine's efficacy for PICC insertion sedation is under-researched.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine nasal drops for pediatric sedation during PICC insertion.
  • To compare dexmedetomidine nasal drops with traditional chloral hydrate sedation.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study involving 40 hospitalized children undergoing PICC insertion.
  • Group A (n=15): received dexmedetomidine nasal drops (2 ug/kg).
  • Group B (n=25): received chloral hydrate enema (0.5 mL/kg).
  • Sedation status assessed using Ramsay's criteria.
  • Outcomes included sedation success rate, onset time, and adverse reactions.

Main Results:

  • Dexmedetomidine group showed a significantly higher success rate (93.3% vs 64.0%, P = .038).
  • Sedation onset was significantly faster with dexmedetomidine (14.86 ± 2.57 min vs 19.06 ± 3.40 min, P = .001).
  • No statistically significant difference in adverse reactions between groups (P = 1.000).

Conclusions:

  • Nasal dexmedetomidine is a safe and effective sedative for pediatric PICC insertion.
  • This method offers improved sedation efficacy and faster onset without significant adverse effects.
  • It has the potential to reduce patient distress and improve procedural acceptance.
Abstract

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