Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists01:24

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists

380
Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by...
380
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides01:06

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides

203
Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively...
203
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors01:23

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors

224
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease widely distributed in the body. It's involved in the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP hormones, which are crucial for insulin regulation. DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta), alogliptin (Nesina), and vildagliptin (Galvus), help increase the proportion of active GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion. These inhibitors work by competitively binding to DPP-4. This binding causes a...
224
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones01:26

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones

250
Biguanides, particularly metformin (Glucophage), are insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose uptake, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin doesn't prompt insulin secretion, which helps to curb hypoglycemia risk. Metformin is beneficial in treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome due to its insulin-resistance reduction capability. The drug's primary action involves curtailing hepatic gluconeogenesis, a significant contributor to high blood...
250
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management

133
Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
Clinical Manifestations
GERD presents itself in a multitude of ways, with symptoms varying from person to person. The hallmark symptoms are...
133
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors01:19

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors

228
α-glucosidase inhibitors, including acarbose (Precose), miglitol (Glyset), and voglibose (Voglib) (primarily available in Asia), are drugs that control blood sugar levels by delaying the digestion of starch and disaccharides. They achieve this by inhibiting α-glucosidase enzymes in the intestine, which slow the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine, which in turn leads to a prolonged release of the glucoregulatory hormone GLP-1 from intestinal L-cells.
Acarbose and miglitol are...
228

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Glycaemic and Weight Control in People Aged 65 or Younger Newly Diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes in Spain: Insights from the PRIORITY-T2D Study.

Advances in therapy·2025
Same author

The Association Between HbA1c Levels and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Stroke in People with Type 2 Diabetes: A Post Hoc Analysis of the REPRESENT Study.

Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders·2025
Same author

Association between the GMI/HbA1c ratio and preclinical carotid atherosclerosis in type 1 diabetes: impact of the fast-glycator phenotype across age groups.

Cardiovascular diabetology·2025
Same author

Impact of Continuous Glucose Monitoring and its Glucometrics in Clinical Practice in Spain and Future Perspectives: A Narrative Review.

Advances in therapy·2024
Same author

Barriers and Strategies to Optimize the Use of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists in People with Type 2 Diabetes and High Cardiovascular Risk or Established Cardiovascular Disease: A Delphi Consensus in Spain.

Advances in therapy·2024
Same author

Impact of Preeclampsia and Parity on Sex-based Discrepancies in Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis in Type 1 Diabetes.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 9, 2025

Mechanisms Underlying Gut Hormone Secretion Using the Isolated Perfused Rat Small Intestine
07:00

Mechanisms Underlying Gut Hormone Secretion Using the Isolated Perfused Rat Small Intestine

Published on: February 26, 2019

9.6K

GLP-1 RAs in Spain: A Short Narrative Review of Their Use in Real Clinical Practice.

Irene Romera1, Miriam Rubio-de Santos2, Sara Artola3

  • 1Eli Lilly and Company, Avda. de la Industria 30, 28108, Alcobendas, Madrid, Spain. romera_irene@lilly.com.

Advances in Therapy
|February 23, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) offer significant glucose-lowering and cardiovascular benefits for type 2 diabetes patients. However, their use in Spain lags behind guidelines due to various barriers, necessitating improved awareness and multidisciplinary care.

Keywords:
Cardiovascular diseaseClinical inertiaGlucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs)Type 2 diabetes mellitus

More Related Videos

Lentiviral Mediated Gene Silencing in Human Pseudoislet Prepared in Low Attachment Plates
11:24

Lentiviral Mediated Gene Silencing in Human Pseudoislet Prepared in Low Attachment Plates

Published on: May 14, 2019

5.5K
Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report
05:10

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Published on: May 30, 2025

259

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 9, 2025

Mechanisms Underlying Gut Hormone Secretion Using the Isolated Perfused Rat Small Intestine
07:00

Mechanisms Underlying Gut Hormone Secretion Using the Isolated Perfused Rat Small Intestine

Published on: February 26, 2019

9.6K
Lentiviral Mediated Gene Silencing in Human Pseudoislet Prepared in Low Attachment Plates
11:24

Lentiviral Mediated Gene Silencing in Human Pseudoislet Prepared in Low Attachment Plates

Published on: May 14, 2019

5.5K
Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report
05:10

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Published on: May 30, 2025

259

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology and Endocrinology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are crucial for managing type 2 diabetes (T2D), offering potent glucose-lowering effects.
  • Evidence supports GLP-1 RAs for cardiovascular and renal benefits, leading to guideline recommendations for T2D patients with high cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.
  • Despite recommendations, global studies indicate underutilization of GLP-1 RAs in T2D patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current utilization of GLP-1 RAs in Spain.
  • To identify the reasons for the discrepancy between clinical guidelines and real-world practice regarding GLP-1 RA prescription.
  • To propose strategies for bridging this gap and improving patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies and clinical practice data concerning GLP-1 RA use in Spain.
  • Analysis of identified barriers to guideline-adherent prescribing.
  • Synthesis of expert recommendations for enhancing GLP-1 RA implementation.

Main Results:

  • Significant gap identified between recommended and actual use of GLP-1 RAs in Spanish T2D patients.
  • Key barriers include administrative hurdles, limited awareness of cardiovascular benefits, clinical inertia, patient preference against injectables, and cost concerns.
  • Underutilization poses a challenge given the high burden of CVD in T2D.

Conclusions:

  • Addressing the underutilization of GLP-1 RAs requires overcoming identified barriers in Spain.
  • Multidisciplinary approaches involving various medical specialists and pharmacists are essential.
  • Enhanced education on cardioprotective benefits and earlier risk assessment are crucial for aligning practice with guidelines.