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Outcome and factors associated with undernutrition among children with congenital heart disease

Indah K Murni1,2, Linda Patmasari1, M Taufik Wirawan1

  • 1Department of Child Health, Dr. Sardjito Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

Plos One
|February 23, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Nearly half of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) suffer from undernutrition. Factors like cyanotic CHD and delayed diagnosis increase this risk, which is linked to higher mortality rates.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Cardiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in undernourished children.
  • Identifying risk factors for undernutrition in CHD patients is crucial for improving clinical outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with undernutrition in children diagnosed with congenital heart disease.
  • To assess the impact of undernutrition on mortality rates among pediatric CHD patients.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective cohort study involving 1,149 children with CHD was conducted from February 2016 to June 2018.
  • Clinical and demographic data were collected, and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with undernutrition.
  • Statistical significance was determined using odds ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CI), and a p-value <0.05.

Main Results:

  • 49% of children were underweight, 47.8% were stunted, and 31.4% were wasted.
  • Independent factors associated with undernutrition included cyanotic CHD, delayed diagnosis, congestive heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, syndromes, young maternal age, low birth weight, and being the first child.
  • Underweight (OR: 3.54) and stunting (OR: 3.31) were significantly associated with increased mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Approximately half of children with CHD experience undernutrition.
  • Cyanotic CHD, delayed diagnosis, heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, syndromes, low birth weight, and being the first child are linked to increased undernutrition risk.
  • Undernutrition, specifically underweight and stunting, significantly increases the risk of mortality in children with CHD.
Abstract

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