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Forced Transdifferentiation01:28

Forced Transdifferentiation

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Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
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The cardiac conduction system produces and transmits electrical impulses that prompt myocardial contraction, ensuring efficient heart function. This intricate system ensures that the heart beats in a coordinated and efficient manner, beginning with the atria and then the ventricles. The conduction system optimizes cardiac output by maintaining this precise sequence, which is crucial for adequate blood circulation.
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Tissues are a group of cells that share a common embryonic origin. Microscopic observation reveals that the cells in a tissue share morphological features and are arranged in an orderly pattern to perform specific functions. From an evolutionary perspective, tissues appear in more complex organisms. Although there are many types of cells in the human body, they are organized into four broad categories of tissues: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous. Each of these categories is...
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Some materials may easily let electrical charges pass through them, while others obstruct their flow. The former are called conductors and the latter insulators. The atomic structures of materials determine whether they are conductors or insulators of electricity.
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The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
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In perfect conductors, the electric field inside is always zero due to the abundance of free electrons, which nullify any field by flowing. As a result, any residual charge resides on the surface.
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Fabrication of Myogenic Engineered Tissue Constructs
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Turning tissues into conducting matter.

Sahika Inal1

  • 1Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 23, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new method to create electrically conducting soft polymers directly inside living tissue. This breakthrough opens possibilities for advanced biomedical applications and in-situ tissue engineering.

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Soft conductive polymers offer unique electronic and mechanical properties for biomedical applications.
  • Current methods for integrating conductive polymers into tissues are often invasive or limited in scope.
  • Developing in-situ fabrication techniques is crucial for seamless integration with biological systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize an electrically conducting soft polymer directly within living tissue.
  • To demonstrate the feasibility of in-situ polymerization for creating functional biomaterials.
  • To explore the potential of this technique for advanced biomedical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a novel in-situ polymerization strategy.

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  • Introduced precursor monomers into living tissue environments.
  • Triggered polymerization within the tissue matrix to form the conductive polymer.

    • Main Results:

    • Successfully synthesized an electrically conducting soft polymer in situ within living tissue.
    • The synthesized polymer exhibited desirable conductivity and mechanical properties.
    • Demonstrated biocompatibility of the in-situ polymerization process and the resulting polymer.

    Conclusions:

    • In-situ synthesis of electrically conducting soft polymers within living tissue is achievable.
    • This approach provides a minimally invasive method for creating functional electronic biomaterials.
    • The technology holds significant promise for applications in regenerative medicine, neural interfaces, and biosensing.