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Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 9, 2025

Production and Measurement of Organic Particulate Matter in the Harvard Environmental Chamber

Production and Measurement of Organic Particulate Matter in the Harvard Environmental Chamber

Published on: November 18, 2018

Pyrocumulonimbus affect average stratospheric aerosol composition.

J M Katich^1,2, E C Apel³, I Bourgeois^1,2

¹National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL), Boulder, CO, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|February 23, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Wildfire-generated pyrocumulonimbus (pyroCb) clouds inject smoke into the stratosphere. These pyroCb contribute significantly to stratospheric aerosols, with potential for dominant future climate impacts.

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Last Updated: Aug 9, 2025

Production and Measurement of Organic Particulate Matter in the Harvard Environmental Chamber

Production and Measurement of Organic Particulate Matter in the Harvard Environmental Chamber

Published on: November 18, 2018

Split Point Analysis and Uncertainty Quantification of Thermal-Optical Organic/Elemental Carbon Measurements

Split Point Analysis and Uncertainty Quantification of Thermal-Optical Organic/Elemental Carbon Measurements

Published on: September 7, 2019

Computation of Atmospheric Concentrations of Molecular Clusters from ab initio Thermochemistry

Computation of Atmospheric Concentrations of Molecular Clusters from ab initio Thermochemistry

Published on: April 8, 2020

Area of Science:

Atmospheric Science
Climate Science
Aerosol Science

Background:

Pyrocumulonimbus (pyroCb) clouds, formed by wildfires, inject smoke into the stratosphere.
The climate impacts of pyroCb are uncertain due to their episodic nature.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify the contribution of pyroCb smoke to the stratospheric aerosol budget.
To understand the long-term influence of pyroCb activity on stratospheric aerosols.

Main Methods:

Analysis of 13 years of airborne observations.
In situ measurements of pyroCb smoke properties.

Main Results:

PyroCb smoke exhibits distinctive and stable aerosol properties.
PyroCb contribute 10-25% of black carbon and organic aerosols in the present-day lower stratosphere.
Impacts are observed in both Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

Conclusions:

PyroCb significantly influence the stratospheric aerosol budget.
Increased pyroCb frequency or magnitude in future climates could lead to dominant stratospheric aerosol trends.