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Subcortical contributions to salience network functioning during negative emotional processing.

Sevil Ince1, Trevor Steward1, Ben J Harrison2

  • 1Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.

Neuroimage
|February 23, 2023
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Summary

The amygdala amplifies negative emotional processing in the salience network (SN), while the periaqueductal gray (PAG) inhibits it, modulating attention and autonomic responses.

Keywords:
AmygdalaDynamic causal modellingEmotional saliencePeriaqueductal graySalience networkfMRI

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Affective Neuroscience

Background:

  • The salience network (SN), including the anterior insula (aINS) and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), manages responses to negative emotional events.
  • Subcortical regions like the amygdala and periaqueductal gray (PAG) influence the SN, but their exact roles are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate bottom-up interactions between the amygdala, PAG, and SN during negative emotional salience processing.
  • To clarify the influence of the amygdala and PAG on SN functions related to negative emotions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized ultra-high field 7-Tesla functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
  • Employed an emotional oddball paradigm with negative emotional images.
  • Applied dynamic causal modeling (DCM) to analyze brain connectivity.

Main Results:

  • Negative emotional stimuli activated the SN, amygdala, PAG, aINS, and dACC.
  • The amygdala exerted an excitatory influence on the aINS, dACC, and PAG.
  • The PAG inhibited activity in the amygdala, aINS, and dACC.

Conclusions:

  • The amygdala may amplify negative emotional stimulus processing in the SN for attentional resource allocation.
  • The PAG's inhibitory influence might modulate autonomic arousal (sympathetic-parasympathetic) via the SN.
  • The amygdala and PAG differentially regulate SN functions during negative emotional processing.