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Interventions to Reduce Risk for Pathogen Spillover and Early Disease Spread to Prevent Outbreaks, Epidemics, and
Emerging Infectious Diseases
|February 23, 2023
Summary
Emerging infectious diseases often originate in wildlife and spill over to humans. Preventing outbreaks requires protecting forests, improving community health, enhancing animal biosecurity, regulating wildlife trade, and expanding surveillance.
Area of Science:
- One Health
- Epidemiology
- Conservation Biology
Background:
- Most emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) in humans originate in animal reservoirs, particularly wildlife.
- Increased human-wildlife contact due to land-use change, animal husbandry, and wildlife trade accelerates pathogen spillover events.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize expert opinions on strategies to prevent pathogen spillover and mitigate the risk of EIDs.
- To identify key interventions for reducing the frequency and impact of zoonotic disease outbreaks.
Main Methods:
- Expert opinion synthesis.
- Review of current practices and proposed interventions for EID prevention.
Main Results:
- Reducing pathogen spillover risk involves halting deforestation, improving community health and economic security in EID hotspots, enhancing biosecurity in animal husbandry, and regulating wildlife markets.
- Expanding pathogen surveillance is crucial for early detection and response.
Conclusions:
- A multi-faceted approach integrating conservation, public health, and biosecurity measures is essential for preventing future epidemics and pandemics.
- Addressing the root causes of increased human-wildlife interaction is key to mitigating zoonotic disease emergence.
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