Primary central nervous system lymphoma: a practical guide for neurologists.

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Oncology
• Pathology

Background:

• Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare malignancy, accounting for approximately 4% of all primary brain tumors.
• While hematologists/oncologists manage PCNSL, neurologists are frequently the first to suspect the diagnosis based on clinical presentation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the clinical and radiological features of PCNSL.
• To outline the diagnostic work-up, emphasizing the need for histological or cytological confirmation.
• To discuss patient preparation for treatment and available therapeutic options.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on PCNSL.
• Analysis of clinical presentation and radiological findings.
• Discussion of diagnostic procedures, including brain biopsy.
• Overview of treatment modalities.

Main Results:

• PCNSL presents with diverse clinical and radiological signs.
• Histological or cytological confirmation is essential for diagnosis.
• Brain biopsy is crucial for definitive diagnosis.
• Corticosteroids play a role in management, alongside various treatment options.

Conclusions:

• Early suspicion by neurologists is key for timely PCNSL diagnosis.
• A thorough diagnostic work-up, including biopsy, is mandatory.
• Multifaceted treatment approaches are necessary for managing PCNSL.