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Diabetes-related eye conditions like diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema are rising globally. New treatments offer improved vision outcomes compared to traditional laser therapy for diabetic macular edema.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Diabetes prevalence is increasing globally, leading to a rise in ocular complications such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema (DMO).
  • Diabetic retinopathy affects a significant portion of individuals with diabetes, with some forms posing a serious threat to vision.
  • DR is a leading cause of vision loss in working-age adults in many countries, including Australia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and update the management strategies for diabetic macular edema (DMO) in Australia.
  • To address recent advancements in DMO treatment options and schedules since the 2008 NHMRC guidelines.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and treatment guidelines for diabetic macular edema.
  • Analysis of recent developments in antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and corticosteroid therapies.
  • Evaluation of treatment schedules and their efficacy in managing DMO.

Main Results:

  • Focal/grid laser photocoagulation can reduce visual loss in DMO by 50% or more.
  • Anti-VEGF and corticosteroid therapies have emerged as effective alternatives to laser treatment, offering better visual improvement potential.
  • Significant developments in DMO treatment options and schedules have occurred in Australia since 2008.

Conclusions:

  • Current management of DMO in Australia has evolved beyond traditional laser photocoagulation.
  • Anti-VEGF and corticosteroid therapies represent significant advancements in improving vision for patients with DMO.
  • Ongoing review and adaptation of treatment guidelines are essential to address the growing burden of diabetic eye disease.