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Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell

Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...

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Mosaic Zebrafish Transgenesis for Functional Genomic Analysis of Candidate Cooperative Genes in Tumor Pathogenesis

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Cancer Prevalence Across Vertebrates.

Zachary T Compton, Walker Mellon, Valerie Harris

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology

|February 24, 2023

Summary

Cancer prevalence varies by species, increasing with body weight and mutation rate, but decreasing with gestation length. Studying these differences may reveal new cancer prevention strategies.

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Area of Science:

Comparative oncology and evolutionary biology.
Investigating cancer prevalence across diverse species.

Background:

Cancer is a significant challenge in multicellular organisms, yet its prevalence differs greatly among species.
Understanding the drivers of these variations is crucial for advancing cancer research and management.

Approach:

Analyzed 16,049 necropsy records from 292 species across amphibians, sauropsids, and mammals.
Examined the correlation between cancer prevalence and factors like adult weight, somatic mutation rate, and gestation time.

Key Points:

Neoplasia and malignancy prevalence increase with adult body weight and somatic mutation rate, contradicting Peto's Paradox.
Cancer prevalence decreases as gestation time increases.
Species like ferrets and opossums show unusually high cancer rates, while porpoises, fruit bats, and penguins exhibit low rates.

Conclusions:

Cancer susceptibility evolution appears characterized by rapid shifts followed by stabilizing selection.
Identifying the reasons behind species-specific cancer prevalence can enhance our understanding of cancer syndromes.
This research may pave the way for novel strategies in cancer prevention and treatment.