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Stress-dependent macromolecular crowding in the mitochondrial matrix.

Elianne P Bulthuis1, Cindy E J Dieteren1,2, Jesper Bergmans3

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (RCMM), Radboud University Medical Centre (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

The EMBO Journal
|February 24, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Mitochondrial matrix crowding was investigated using fluorescent peptides. Results show crowding occurs in both healthy and unhealthy mitochondria, impacting biochemical reactions.

Keywords:
FRAPchloramphenicoldiffusionmacromolecular crowdingmitochondria

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Macromolecules induce cellular crowding, affecting biochemical reactions by altering viscosity and volume.
  • Mitochondria are protein-rich, but matrix crowding remains poorly understood due to protein immobilization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if the mitochondrial matrix exhibits macromolecular crowding.
  • To investigate the impact of mitochondrial dysfunction on matrix crowding.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized fluorescent protein fusion peptides (AcGFP1 concatemers) in HeLa cell mitochondria.
  • Measured concatemer diffusion and matrix viscosity under normal and chloramphenicol-induced dysfunctional conditions.

Main Results:

  • Concatemer diffusion decreased with increasing molecular weight, indicative of crowding.
  • Chloramphenicol treatment increased matrix viscosity eightfold and enhanced crowding effects.
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction altered matrix crowding without inducing specific stress responses.

Conclusions:

  • The mitochondrial matrix exhibits macromolecular crowding in both functional and dysfunctional states.
  • Changes in matrix crowding influence biochemical reactions based on reactant and crowder molecular weights.