Immunotherapy for Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Therapeutic Advances and Biomarkers

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Immunology
• Translational Medicine

Background:

• Immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has transformed non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment.
• ICIs are now a standard first-line therapy for metastatic NSCLC without targetable oncogene alterations.
• Despite advances, many patients exhibit primary resistance or develop acquired resistance to ICIs.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current immunotherapy strategies for NSCLC.
• To highlight clinical challenges in ICI treatment for NSCLC.
• To identify and discuss novel predictive and prognostic biomarkers for NSCLC immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review of clinical trials and research studies on NSCLC immunotherapy.
• Analysis of current clinical practices and challenges associated with ICI therapy.
• Exploration of emerging biomarkers and their potential clinical utility.

Main Results:

• Immunotherapy has significantly improved prognosis in NSCLC, but response rates vary widely.
• Predictive biomarkers are essential for patient stratification and optimizing treatment selection.
• Several novel biomarkers are under investigation for their potential to predict response and prognosis.

Conclusions:

• Effective patient selection remains a key challenge in NSCLC immunotherapy.
• Further research into reliable biomarkers is critical for maximizing the benefits of ICIs.
• Advancing biomarker discovery will guide personalized therapeutic strategies in NSCLC.