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Artificial Intelligence-Based Chatbots for Promoting Health Behavioral Changes: Systematic Review.

Abhishek Aggarwal1,2, Cheuk Chi Tam1,2, Dezhi Wu3,4

  • 1Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States.

Journal of Medical Internet Research
|February 24, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots show promise for health behavior change, effectively promoting healthy lifestyles and smoking cessation. Further research using randomized controlled trials is needed to confirm these findings.

Keywords:
AIacceptabilityartificial intelligencechatbotefficacyengagementfeasibilityhealth behavior changeinterventionmobile phoneusability

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Area of Science:

  • Digital Health
  • Behavioral Science
  • Artificial Intelligence

Background:

  • Artificial intelligence (AI)-based chatbots offer personalized, engaging, and on-demand health promotion interventions.
  • The study systematically reviewed AI chatbots for health behavior change interventions.

Approach:

  • A comprehensive search of 7 databases identified empirical articles from 1980-2022.
  • PRISMA guidelines were followed for screening, extraction, and analysis of 15 included studies.
  • AI chatbot strategies included goal setting, monitoring, and real-time feedback, informed by behavior change theories.

Key Points:

  • AI chatbots demonstrated high efficacy in promoting healthy lifestyles (40%), smoking cessation (27%), medication adherence (13%), and reducing substance misuse (7%).
  • Scalability was shown through accessible platforms like smartphones and Facebook Messenger.
  • Participants found AI chatbots provided a nonjudgmental space for sensitive information, but feasibility and usability results were mixed.

Conclusions:

  • AI chatbots are effective for health behavior change interventions across diverse populations.
  • Future research should utilize robust randomized controlled trials to establish definitive conclusions on AI chatbot efficacy and generalizability.