Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

2.0K
When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
2.0K
IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

1.2K
There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
1.2K
IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

2.6K
When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...
2.6K
Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview01:11

Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

859
The non-destructive nature and ability to provide valuable chemical information make IR spectroscopy a versatile technique with broad applications in various scientific and industrial fields. IR spectroscopy is commonly used to identify and characterize organic and inorganic compounds. It provides information about the functional groups present in a molecule and the bonding between atoms. This helps in the structural elucidation of compounds during organic synthesis, pharmaceutical research,...
859
UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions01:16

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions

1.6K
In Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is used to probe the electronic structure of molecules. This technique provides insights into molecular electronic transitions, particularly the movement of electrons between different molecular orbitals. Radiation is absorbed if the energy of the electromagnetic radiation passing through the molecule is precisely equal to the energy difference between the excited and ground states. During this...
1.6K
IR Absorption Frequency: Hybridization01:21

IR Absorption Frequency: Hybridization

735
Hydrocarbons such as alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes show characteristic C–H stretching absorption bands. These IR stretching frequencies depend on the hybridization of the involved carbon atom and can be explained in terms of the s character of each hybridized atomic orbital.
Among the sp, sp2, and sp3 hybridized orbitals, sp orbitals have the maximum s character (50%). Consequently, the electrons are held more closely to the nucleus, resulting in stronger and shorter C–H bonds that...
735

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

An update on recent developments in the drug treatment of tuberculous meningitis.

Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy·2026
Same author

Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of the Reaction between the Simplest Criegee Intermediate and Hydrogen Fluoride.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2026
Same author

Topological soliton frequency comb in nanophotonic lithium niobate.

Nature·2026
Same author

Two-optical-cycle pulses from nanophotonic two-color soliton compression.

Light, science & applications·2026
Same author

Mycobacterium tuberculosis overcomes phosphate starvation by extensively remodelling its lipidome with phosphorus-free lipids.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Pressure, Temperature, and Water Vapor Dependencies of the Bimolecular Rate Coefficients for the Reaction OH + NO + M → HONO + M.

The journal of physical chemistry. A·2025
Same journal

Demonstration of a quantum C-NOT gate in a time-multiplexed fully reconfigurable photonic processor.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Nonlinear quantum light source with van der Waals ferroelectric NbOX<sub>2</sub> (X = Br, I).

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Antagonistic histone H2A variants and autonomous heterochromatin formation shape epigenomic patterns in Arabidopsis.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

The long tail of nitrate pollution in groundwater challenges governance of global water quality.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Select microbial metabolites promote tau aggregation in a murine tauopathy model.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Warming climate has lengthened global intense tropical cyclone seasons.

Nature communications·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 9, 2025

High-definition Fourier Transform Infrared FT-IR Spectroscopic Imaging of Human Tissue Sections towards Improving Pathology
11:05

High-definition Fourier Transform Infrared FT-IR Spectroscopic Imaging of Human Tissue Sections towards Improving Pathology

Published on: January 21, 2015

33.3K

Mid-infrared cross-comb spectroscopy.

Mingchen Liu1, Robert M Gray1, Luis Costa1

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.

Nature Communications
|February 24, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cross-comb spectroscopy overcomes mid-infrared challenges for molecular characterization. This new method uses frequency combs for enhanced sensitivity and detection efficiency, enabling flexible wavelength sensing.

More Related Videos

Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing
10:42

Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing

Published on: March 22, 2019

6.3K
Ultrafast Time-resolved Near-IR Stimulated Raman Measurements of Functional &#960;-conjugate Systems
09:57

Ultrafast Time-resolved Near-IR Stimulated Raman Measurements of Functional π-conjugate Systems

Published on: February 10, 2020

7.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 9, 2025

High-definition Fourier Transform Infrared FT-IR Spectroscopic Imaging of Human Tissue Sections towards Improving Pathology
11:05

High-definition Fourier Transform Infrared FT-IR Spectroscopic Imaging of Human Tissue Sections towards Improving Pathology

Published on: January 21, 2015

33.3K
Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing
10:42

Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing

Published on: March 22, 2019

6.3K
Ultrafast Time-resolved Near-IR Stimulated Raman Measurements of Functional &#960;-conjugate Systems
09:57

Ultrafast Time-resolved Near-IR Stimulated Raman Measurements of Functional π-conjugate Systems

Published on: February 10, 2020

7.2K

Area of Science:

  • Spectroscopy
  • Quantum Optics
  • Molecular Physics

Background:

  • Dual-comb spectroscopy is valuable for molecular characterization.
  • Mid-infrared spectroscopy faces challenges with sources and photodetection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce cross-comb spectroscopy for mid-infrared molecular analysis.
  • Overcome limitations of existing dual-comb spectroscopy methods.

Main Methods:

  • Upconverting a mid-infrared comb with a near-infrared comb via sum-frequency generation.
  • Interfering the upconverted comb with a spectral extension of the near-infrared comb.
  • Utilizing a 1-µm photodetector for CO2 absorption measurement at 4.25 µm.

Main Results:

  • Achieved 233-cm−1 instantaneous bandwidth and 28,000 comb lines.
  • Recorded a single-shot signal-to-noise ratio of 167 and a figure of merit of 2.4 × 10^6 Hz^1/2.
  • Demonstrated superior signal-to-noise ratio, sensitivity, and dynamic range compared to other dual-comb methods.

Conclusions:

  • Cross-comb spectroscopy offers superior performance and mitigates detector saturation.
  • This adaptable method enables high-performance, wavelength-flexible frequency-comb-based sensing.
  • Opens new avenues for molecular characterization beyond the near-infrared region.