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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Updated: Aug 9, 2025

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γδ T-cell-mediated immune responses to malaria.

Ganchimeg Bayarsaikhan1, Yarob Ibraheem1, Shin-Ichi Inoue1

  • 1Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Immunology, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki, Japan.

Microbiology and Immunology
|February 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Gamma delta T cells show promise in malaria immunity. Research highlights their role in recognizing Plasmodium parasites and offering protection, guiding new vaccine and therapy development.

Keywords:
CHMIPfSPZPlasmodiumrodent model of malariaγδ T cells

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Malaria remains a significant global health threat with current vaccines showing limited efficacy.
  • Understanding host immune responses to Plasmodium is crucial for developing improved interventions.
  • Gamma delta (γδ) T cells are implicated in malaria immunity, exhibiting both innate and adaptive characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of γδ T cell functions in human and experimental malaria.
  • To explore the mechanisms by which γδ T cells contribute to protective immunity against Plasmodium infection.
  • To highlight the potential of γδ T cells in the development of novel malaria vaccines and therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on γδ T cell responses in human malaria patients and experimental models.
  • Analysis of studies investigating γδ T cell recognition of Plasmodium antigens and effector functions.
  • Examination of data from rodent models to understand in vivo γδ T cell roles during infection and vaccination.

Main Results:

  • γδ T cells recognize Plasmodium phosphoantigens and initiate adaptive immune responses during blood-stage infections.
  • These cells possess phagocytic and cytotoxic capabilities and can confer protection upon whole parasite immunization.
  • γδ T cells have demonstrated a role in preventing experimental cerebral malaria during liver-stage infection.

Conclusions:

  • γδ T cells are key players in anti-malarial immunity, offering multifaceted protective mechanisms.
  • Rodent models are essential for detailed investigation of γδ T cell functions due to challenges in human studies.
  • Further research into γδ T cells could lead to advanced malaria vaccine candidates and adjunctive therapies for severe malaria.