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A Review of Conventional and Novel Treatments for Osteoporotic Hip Replacements
Fahad Alabdah1,2, Adel Alshammari1,2, Araida Hidalgo-Bastida3
1Engineering College, University of Hail, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia.
Insights
This review explores treatments for osteoporosis patients undergoing total hip replacement, focusing on implant design and hydrogel-based delivery systems. Promising results show hydrogels enhance bone integration and reduce complications, suggesting future research beyond traditional implants.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Orthopedics
- Materials Science
Background:
- Osteoporosis significantly weakens bone, increasing fracture risk and impacting millions globally.
- Fragility fractures incur substantial healthcare costs, highlighting the need for effective treatments.
- Osteoporosis affects bone's mechanical properties, posing challenges for orthopedic procedures like total hip replacement.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and discuss treatment solutions for osteoporotic patients undergoing total hip replacement.
- To synthesize current research on managing osteoporosis in the context of hip arthroplasty.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search across Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science.
- Inclusion and exclusion criteria applied to select relevant articles.
- Analysis of 29 selected articles from an initial 183.
Main Results:
- Included articles cover osteoporotic bone biomechanics, hip implant optimization, and hydrogel-based delivery systems.
- Hip implant design modifications show short-term benefits but long-term stability remains a challenge due to osteoporosis progression.
- Hydrogel applications for delivering drugs, cells, and bio-activators show promise for enhanced osteointegration and reduced bacterial/osteoclastic activity.
Conclusions:
- Diagnostic tools are vital for personalized treatment plans in osteoporosis.
- Optimizing hip implant design alone has limitations in addressing long-term stability in osteoporotic patients.
- Hydrogel-based strategies offer a promising avenue for improving outcomes in osteoporotic bone, potentially beyond current implant limitations.
Introduction:
Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease that severely affects the mechanical properties of bone. It increases the porosity of cancellous bone and reduces the resistance to fractures. It has been reported in 2009 that there are approximately 500 million osteoporotic patients worldwide. Patients who suffer fractures due to fragility cost the National Healthcare Systems in the United Kingdom £4.4 billion in 2018, in Europe €56 billion in 2019, and in the United States $57 billion in 2018. Thus, osteoporosis is problematic for both patients and healthcare systems.
Aim:
This review is conducted for the purpose of presenting and discussing all articles introducing or investigating treatment solutions for osteoporotic patients undergoing total hip replacement.
Methods:
Searches were implemented using three databases, namely Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science to extract all relevant articles. Predetermined eligibility criteria were used to exclude articles out of the scope of the study.
Results:
29 articles out of 183 articles were included in this review. These articles were organised into three sections: (i) biomechanical properties and structure of osteoporotic bones, (ii) hip implant optimisations, and (iii) drug, cells, and bio-activators delivery through hydrogels.
Discussion:
The findings of this review suggest that diagnostic tools and measurements are crucial for understanding the characteristics of osteoporosis in general and for setting patient-specific treatment plans. It was also found that attempts to overcome complications associated with osteoporosis included design optimisation of the hip implant; however, only short-term success was reported, while the long-term stability of implants was compromised by the progressive nature of osteoporosis. Finally, it was also found that targeting implantation sites with cells, drugs, and growth factors has been outworked using hydrogels, where promising results have been reported regarding enhanced osteointegration and inhibited bacterial and osteoclastic activities.
Conclusions:
These results may encourage investigations that explore the effects of these impregnated hydrogels on osteoporotic bones beyond metallic scaffolds and implants.
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