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Microbiome Changes in Pregnancy Disorders.

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  • 1Woman's Health Sciences Department, Gynecologic Section, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Filippo Corridoni, 16, 60123 Ancona, Italy.

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Pregnancy involves significant changes in the human microbiota, impacting maternal health. Understanding these microbial shifts is key to preventing and treating common obstetric disorders like hypertensive disorders and preterm birth.

Keywords:
dysbiosisgestational diabeteshypertensive disordersmicrobiomepregnancypregnancy disorderspreterm birthrecurrent miscarriage

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Obstetrics
  • Human Health

Background:

  • The human body harbors a complex microbiota crucial for health.
  • Microbiota composition dynamically changes during pregnancy.
  • Emerging evidence links pregnancy-related microbiota alterations to obstetric complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on microbiota changes during pregnancy.
  • To focus on the association between microbiota and four major obstetric diseases: hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm birth, and recurrent miscarriage.
  • To explore potential clinical applications for microbiota modulation in pregnancy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific articles.
  • Analysis of studies focusing on microbiota composition during gestation.
  • Synthesis of findings related to specific obstetric conditions.

Main Results:

  • Significant alterations in microbiota occur throughout the three trimesters of pregnancy.
  • Specific microbial profiles are associated with hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm birth, and recurrent miscarriage.
  • The review highlights the dynamic interplay between the maternal microbiome and pregnancy outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Modulating the maternal microbiota holds promise for preventing and treating obstetric disorders.
  • Personalized therapies targeting the microbiome could improve maternal and fetal health.
  • Further research is needed to translate these findings into clinical practice.