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Exploring the Effects of Spaceflight on Mouse Physiology using the Open Access NASA GeneLab Platform
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Transcriptomic Effects on the Mouse Heart Following 30 Days on the International Space Station.

Alicia L Veliz1, Lana Mamoun1, Lorelei Hughes1

  • 1Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.

Biomolecules
|February 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Long-term spaceflight impacts the mouse heart transcriptome, revealing 1147 regulated transcripts. The cardiovascular system shows an adaptive response, with activated signaling pathways and cell cycle changes, but no senescence.

Keywords:
International Space StationRNA sequencingadaptive responsecardiovascular systemoxidative stresssignalingspaceflighttranscriptomics

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular physiology
  • Space biology
  • Transcriptomics

Background:

  • Understanding spaceflight's effects on human physiology is crucial for long-duration missions.
  • The cardiovascular system is significantly impacted by microgravity and radiation.
  • Limited data exists on long-term spaceflight's effects on the mammalian heart in vivo.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the transcriptomic changes in the mouse heart after 30 days of spaceflight on the International Space Station (ISS).
  • To identify specific molecular pathways and cellular processes affected by long-term spaceflight in the cardiovascular system.

Main Methods:

  • RNA sequencing was performed on heart tissue from female C57BL/6J mice subjected to 30 days of spaceflight and comparable ground controls.
  • Differential gene expression analysis was conducted to identify significantly regulated transcripts.

Main Results:

  • 1147 transcripts were significantly regulated in the hearts of space-flown mice compared to ground controls.
  • Activated signaling pathways included MAPK, PI3K-Akt, and GPCR.
  • Upregulation of transcripts related to cytoskeleton breakdown and organization, and cell cycle processes was observed.
  • No significant changes were found in extracellular matrix (ECM) components or oxidative stress pathways.
  • Absence of cellular senescence markers was noted.

Conclusions:

  • Spaceflight induces significant transcriptomic alterations in the mouse heart.
  • The observed changes suggest an adaptive cardiovascular response to long-term spaceflight, involving cellular maintenance, survival, and cell cycle regulation.
  • The findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying cardiovascular adaptation to space environments.