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Related Concept Videos

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
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Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

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Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
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The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
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Hair Cells01:22

Hair Cells

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Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the auditory system—they transduce mechanical sound waves into electrical energy that the nervous system can understand. Hair cells are located in the organ of Corti within the cochlea of the inner ear, between the basilar and tectorial membranes. The actual sensory receptors are called inner hair cells. The outer hair cells serve other functions, such as sound amplification in the cochlea, and are not discussed in detail here.
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Initiating Differentiation in Immortalized Multipotent Otic Progenitor Cells
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ATP-Dependent Chromatin Remodellers in Inner Ear Development.

Ilyas Chohra1, Keshi Chung1, Subhajit Giri1

  • 1Developmental Neurobiology Unit, GIGA-Stem Cells, Av. Hippocrate 15 B, 4000 Liege, Belgium.

Cells
|February 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

ATP-dependent chromatin remodellers modify DNA accessibility for essential processes. Dysfunctional remodellers are linked to hearing loss, highlighting their critical role in inner ear development and function.

Keywords:
cochleadevelopmentdifferentiationepigenetichair cells

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Chromatin structure regulation is vital for DNA-related processes like transcription, replication, and repair.
  • ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling complexes, characterized by SNF2-like ATPase subunits, dynamically alter nucleosome positioning.
  • These complexes are classified into four main families: CHD, SWI/SNF, ISWI, and INO80.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the composition, structure, and function of ATP-dependent chromatin remodellers.
  • To elucidate the role of these complexes in inner ear development and hearing.
  • To discuss the implications of mutations in chromatin remodeller genes for neurosensory deafness.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling complexes.
  • Analysis of the role of these complexes in biological processes, particularly in the inner ear.
  • Examination of genetic links between chromatin remodeller dysfunction and hearing impairment.

Main Results:

  • ATP-dependent chromatin remodellers are essential for regulating gene expression and cellular processes during development.
  • These complexes play a critical role in the development and maintenance of the inner ear.
  • Mutations in genes encoding subunits of chromatin remodellers are associated with various forms of neurosensory deafness.

Conclusions:

  • ATP-dependent chromatin remodellers are fundamental for maintaining hearing health.
  • Understanding these complexes offers insights into the mechanisms of neurosensory deafness.
  • Further research into chromatin remodellers may lead to therapeutic strategies for hearing disorders.