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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 9, 2025

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation
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Modulating T Cell Responses by Targeting CD3.

Ashwathi Puravankara Menon1,2, Beatriz Moreno1, Daniel Meraviglia-Crivelli1,2

  • 1Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, CIMA, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.

Cancers
|February 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Targeting the CD3-T cell receptor (TCR) complex offers a novel strategy to enhance cancer immunotherapy. Modulating CD3-TCR function can improve patient responses to immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies.

Keywords:
CD3T cell engagerT cell modulationTCRantibodiesaptamerscancer immunotherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies targeting PD(L)-1 and CTLA-4 have shown clinical success in cancer treatment.
  • However, limited patient response rates to ICB highlight the need for alternative immunomodulatory strategies.
  • The CD3-T cell receptor (TCR) complex is crucial for T cell activation and immune response specificity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the assembly mechanisms of the CD3-TCR complex.
  • To survey existing and emerging therapeutic tools for modulating CD3-TCR function.
  • To explore strategies for enhancing cancer immunotherapy by targeting the CD3-TCR complex.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of CD3-TCR complex assembly.
  • Survey of clinical and preclinical therapeutic tools targeting CD3-TCR.
  • Analysis of recent structural insights into the CD3-TCR complex.

Main Results:

  • Recent structural data on the CD3-TCR complex may enable targeted drug design.
  • Aptamers and other tools show potential for modulating CD3-TCR activity.
  • Understanding CD3-TCR assembly is key to developing novel immunotherapies.

Conclusions:

  • Modulating the CD3-TCR complex presents a promising avenue for improving cancer immunotherapy efficacy.
  • Targeted drug design based on CD3-TCR structure could overcome ICB limitations.
  • Further research into CD3-TCR modulation is warranted for advancing cancer treatment.