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Pre-Stimulus Power but Not Phase Predicts Prefrontal Cortical Excitability in TMS-EEG.

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Pre-stimulus brain oscillation power, not phase, influences transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) responses. Understanding brain oscillatory activity can improve TMS neurophysiological measurements and therapeutic outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurophysiology
  • Brain Stimulation

Background:

  • Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) elicits cortical responses with significant inter-trial variability.
  • Pre-stimulus neuronal oscillations (phase and power) are potential sources of this variability.
  • Investigating the influence of ongoing brain activity is crucial for optimizing TMS protocols.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the impact of pre-stimulus brain oscillatory activity (phase and power) on single-trial TMS responses.
  • To differentiate the direct effect of TMS from ongoing oscillatory power.
  • To identify specific oscillatory characteristics that modulate TMS-evoked cortical activity.

Main Methods:

  • Single-pulse TMS applied over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in 49 healthy participants (64 datasets).
  • Analysis of theta (4-7 Hz), alpha (8-13 Hz), and beta (14-30 Hz) frequency bands.
  • Development of a 'corrected_effect' measure to isolate TMS effects from spontaneous oscillation power.

Main Results:

  • No significant effect of pre-TMS phase on single-trial cortical evoked activity across frequency bands.
  • Higher subsequent neural activity observed following high-powered oscillations, irrespective of TMS.
  • The 'corrected_effect' of TMS was significant in theta and beta bands, indicating a meaningful added effect.

Conclusions:

  • The power of ongoing oscillatory activity, rather than its phase, significantly influences brain responses to TMS.
  • Brain state prior to stimulation plays a role in shaping TMS-EEG responses.
  • Targeting specific power thresholds of EEG signals during TMS may reduce variability and enhance therapeutic efficacy.