Single Printing Step Prussian Blue Bulk-Modified Transducers for Oxidase-Based Biosensors

Area of Science:

• Electrochemistry
• Nanotechnology
• Materials Science

Background:

• Conventional biosensors often rely on surface-modified transducers, which can be complex and costly to produce.
• Improving the signal-to-noise ratio and analytical performance of electrochemical sensors is crucial for practical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a simplified and cost-effective method for producing hydrogen peroxide sensors.
• To evaluate the analytical performance of bulk-modified sensors compared to traditional surface-modified sensors.
• To demonstrate the utility of these sensors in detecting biologically relevant analytes like glucose and lactate.

Main Methods:

• Synthesizing Prussian blue nanoparticles via catalysis.
• Incorporating these nanoparticles into carbon ink for a single-step printing process to create bulk-modified electrodes.
• Comparing the performance (linear range, detection limit, signal-to-noise ratio) of bulk-modified sensors against surface-modified sensors.
• Fabricating and testing glucose and lactate biosensors using the developed transducers.
• Validating biosensor performance using human serum samples.

Main Results:

• Single-step printing of bulk-modified hydrogen peroxide sensors using Prussian blue nanoparticle-carbon ink was achieved.
• Bulk-modified sensors exhibited a wider linear calibration range (5 × 10^-7–1 × 10^-3 M) and a four times lower detection limit compared to surface-modified sensors.
• A six times higher signal-to-noise ratio was observed in bulk-modified sensors due to reduced noise.
• Glucose and lactate biosensors based on these transducers showed comparable or superior sensitivity to surface-modified biosensors.
• Successful validation of biosensors in human serum analysis.

Conclusions:

• Single-step bulk modification offers a cost-effective and time-efficient alternative to surface modification for electrochemical transducer fabrication.
• The developed bulk-modified sensors demonstrate advantageous analytical performance, including improved signal-to-noise ratio and detection limits.
• These findings suggest that bulk-modified transducers have significant potential for widespread adoption in electrochemical and biosensor applications.