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The Role of Heart Rate Variability (HRV) in Different Hypertensive Syndromes

Louise Buonalumi Tacito Yugar1, Juan Carlos Yugar-Toledo2, Nelson Dinamarco3

  • 1School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-887, SP, Brazil.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 25, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Heart rate variability (HRV) assesses autonomic nervous system function, crucial for understanding hypertension risks. This review explores HRV

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Autonomic Nervous System
  • Hypertension Research

Background:

  • Autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction, involving the parasympathetic (PNS) and sympathetic (SNS) nervous systems, significantly impacts cardiovascular health.
  • Dysregulation of the ANS contributes to vasomotor impairments, leading to comorbidities like obesity, hypertension (HTN), resistant hypertension, and chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  • Autonomic dysfunction is linked to structural and functional changes in organs, elevating cardiovascular risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate heart rate (HR) as a cardiovascular risk factor in hypertensive patients.
  • To analyze heart rate variability (HRV) as a tool for stratifying risk in various hypertensive states, including pre-hypertension (P-HTN), controlled HTN (C-HTN), resistant HTN (R-HTN), refractory HTN (Rf-HTN), and hypertension with chronic kidney disease (HTN+CKD).

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cardiac innervation, autonomic nervous system function, and blood pressure regulation.
  • Analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) as a non-invasive method for assessing cardiac autonomic modulation.
  • Exploration of HRV's utility in risk stratification for different hypertensive patient groups.

Main Results:

  • Heart rate (HR) is identified as a significant cardiovascular risk factor in hypertensive individuals.
  • Heart rate variability (HRV) demonstrates potential as a valuable tool for assessing autonomic function and cardiovascular risk.
  • HRV can aid in differentiating risk strata among patients with various forms of hypertension and comorbid conditions like CKD.

Conclusions:

  • Autonomic dysfunction plays a critical role in the pathophysiology and progression of hypertension and its complications.
  • Heart rate variability (HRV) offers a promising, non-invasive approach for clinical evaluation and risk assessment in hypertensive patients.
  • Utilizing HRV can enhance the personalized management of hypertension and associated cardiovascular risks.

Keywords:
autonomic dysfunctionchronic kidney diseaseheart rate variabilityhypertensionparasympathetic nervous systemprehypertensionresistant hypertensionsympathetic nervous system

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