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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 9, 2025

Using an Automated Hirschberg Test App to Evaluate Ocular Alignment

Using an Automated Hirschberg Test App to Evaluate Ocular Alignment

Published on: March 24, 2020

Pediatric Glaucoma-From Screening, Early Detection to Management.

Ruyue Shen¹, Venice S W Li^1,2, Mandy O M Wong^1,2

¹Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)

|February 25, 2023

Summary

Pediatric glaucoma (PG) is a rare condition requiring timely diagnosis to prevent blindness. This review covers its classification, diagnosis, etiology, screening, and management, including advanced surgical options.

Keywords:

diagnosis etiology pediatric glaucoma screening treatment

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Genetics
Pediatrics

Background:

Pediatric glaucoma (PG) is a rare, heterogeneous group of diseases with significant risks of blindness and caregiver burden.
Delayed diagnosis and treatment of PG can lead to irreversible vision loss.
Recent genetic discoveries offer new insights into the underlying causes of PG.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive review of pediatric glaucoma (PG).
To discuss the classification, diagnosis, etiology, screening, clinical characteristics, examinations, and management of PG.
To highlight advancements in diagnostic tools and surgical treatments for PG.

Main Methods:

Review of recent genetic studies identifying novel causative genes for PG.
Analysis of updated clinical characteristics and examination instruments for PG diagnosis.
Synthesis of current therapeutic strategies, including medical and surgical interventions for PG.

Main Results:

Effective screening strategies are crucial for the timely diagnosis and treatment of PG.
Management requires not only intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering therapy but also addressing amblyopia and associated ocular conditions.
Advanced surgical techniques are continually being developed to improve success rates and minimize complications in PG management.

Conclusions:

Early and accurate diagnosis of PG is paramount to prevent blindness and reduce patient and caregiver distress.
A multidisciplinary approach integrating genetic insights, advanced diagnostics, and tailored surgical management is essential for optimal visual outcomes in pediatric glaucoma.
Ongoing research into PG etiology and treatment innovations promises improved patient care and prognosis.