SARS-CoV-2 Infection as a Possible Trigger for IgA-Associated Vasculitis: A Case Report

Area of Science:

• Pediatric rheumatology
• Infectious disease immunology

Background:

• IgA-associated vasculitis (IgAV), previously known as Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP), is the most prevalent systemic vasculitis in children.
• While infections like streptococci and influenza are common triggers, emerging evidence suggests a potential link with COVID-19.

Observation:

• A 7-year-old girl with HSP presented with typical symptoms including palpable purpura, abdominal pain, arthralgia, and renal involvement.
• SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed by IgM and IgG antibodies, following a mild upper respiratory tract infection.
• Elevated inflammatory markers such as leukocytosis and a high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were noted, alongside gastrointestinal bleeding and rotavirus diarrhea.

Findings:

• This case, along with others, suggests a possible association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of HSP.
• The observed inflammatory markers are consistent with IgAV and its gastrointestinal complications.

Implications:

• Further research is crucial to establish a definitive causal link between SARS-CoV-2 and HSP.
• Understanding this potential association could inform future diagnostic and treatment strategies for vasculitis.