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Nomophobia and Self-Esteem: A Cross Sectional Study in Greek University Students
Elissavet Vagka1, Charalambos Gnardellis2, Areti Lagiou1
1Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Department of Public and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 11521 Athens, Greece.
Abstract:
Nomophobia is a relatively new term describing someone's fear, discomfort, or anxiety when his/her smartphone is not available. It is reported that low self-esteem may contribute to an individual's tendency for nomophobia. The aim of this particular study was to investigate the association between nomophobia and self-esteem among Greek university students. The study sample consisted of 1060 male and female university students aged 18 to 25 years, participating on a voluntary basis with an online anonymous questionnaire. Data were collected through "Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q)" and "Rosenberg's self-esteem scale (RSES)". All participants exhibited some level of nomophobia, with the moderate level prevailing (59.6%). Regarding self-esteem categories, 18.7% of the participants showed low self-esteem, while the rest showed normal/high levels. Students with low self-esteem were twice as likely to exhibit a higher level of nomophobia compared to those with normal/high (adj Cum OR = 1.99, p value < 0.001). Additionally, women and students having fathers without a university education had a higher risk of exhibiting a greater level of nomophobia (adj Cum OR = 1.56 and 1.44, respectively, p values ≤ 0.008). It was observed that low self-esteem and nomophobia are closely connected. Further investigation into this particular issue is needed to explore potential causality between them.
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