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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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Updated: Aug 9, 2025

A Simple Alternative to Stereotactic Injection for Brain Specific Knockdown of miRNA
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Endogenous miRNA-Based Innate-Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Invasion of the Brain.

Walter J Lukiw1,2,3,4, Aileen I Pogue2

  • 1LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|February 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study explores how human microRNAs (miRNAs) interact with SARS-CoV-2 RNA, influencing COVID-19 severity. It identifies key miRNAs in the brain

Keywords:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD)COVID-19SARS-CoV-2circular RNA (circRNA)microRNA (miRNA)single-stranded RNA (ssRNA)superior temporal lobe neocortex (STLN)

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Genomics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome resembles human mRNA, making it a target for cellular regulatory mechanisms.
  • Human microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and can potentially interact with viral RNA.
  • Individual variations in host miRNA profiles and ACE2 receptor distribution contribute to COVID-19 susceptibility and severity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the interaction system between SARS-CoV-2 single-stranded viral RNA (ssvRNA) and human miRNAs.
  • To identify the most abundant miRNAs in the superior temporal lobe neocortex (STLN).
  • To evaluate the neurotropic role of SARS-CoV-2, miRNAs, and ACE2 receptor distribution in the STLN concerning COVID-19 neurological effects.

Main Methods:

  • In silico analysis
  • RNA sequencing
  • Molecular-genetic investigations
  • Literature review

Main Results:

  • Nearly all human miRNAs show potential to interact with the SARS-CoV-2 ssvRNA sequence.
  • Significant variation exists in host miRNA abundance and ACE2 receptor distribution, correlating with COVID-19 susceptibility.
  • The study reports the most abundant miRNAs in the STLN, a brain region targeted by SARS-CoV-2.

Conclusions:

  • The interplay between SARS-CoV-2 RNA and host miRNAs is a critical factor in COVID-19 pathogenesis.
  • Understanding miRNA-STLN interactions is crucial for addressing the neurological consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • Host genetic factors, including miRNA profiles, significantly influence COVID-19 outcomes and long-term neurological effects.