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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System I:Echocardiography01:17

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System I:Echocardiography

394
Cardiac imaging studies encompass a wide range of noninvasive and minimally invasive techniques designed to visualize the heart's structure and function in detail. One such technique is echocardiography, which uses high-frequency ultrasound waves to produce detailed images of the heart, known as echocardiograms.
Indications: Echocardiography is utilized to diagnose heart failure, valve disorders, and myocardial infarction. It also assesses cardiac structures' size, shape, and motion,...
394
Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests

29
Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
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Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System II:Types of Echocardiography01:20

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System II:Types of Echocardiography

317
Echocardiography plays a role in assessing cardiac health and detecting heart conditions, with various types providing critical insights for diagnosis and treatment.
Types of Echocardiography
Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE)
TTE is the most common type of echocardiogram which involves placing a transducer on the patient's chest, emitting sound waves to create heart images. TTE is invaluable for evaluating the heart's size, structure, and motion, making it particularly useful for...
317
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT01:25

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT

53
Calcium-Scoring CT ScanA calcium-scoring CT scan, also known as coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan, detects calcium deposits in the coronary arteries. This test assesses the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), which can lead to cardiovascular events such as angina, heart failure, and sudden cardiac arrest.A calcium-scoring CT scan is generally recommended for individuals at intermediate risk of CAD without symptoms. It includes:Men aged 40-75 and women aged 50-75: Especially those with a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 9, 2025

Echocardiographic Approaches and Protocols for Comprehensive Phenotypic Characterization of Valvular Heart Disease in Mice
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Novel 3D Echocardiographic Technique for Mitral Calcium Mapping.

Francesca Romana Prandi1,2, Francesco Romeo3, Francesco Barillà2

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|February 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Mitral annular calcification (MAC) assessment is improved by novel 3D transesophageal maximal intensity projection (MIP) mapping. This technique offers better visualization of MAC distribution and depth, aiding cardiac interventions.

Keywords:
3D echocardiographycalcific mitral valve diseasemitral annular calcificationmitral valve interventionstructural heart disease imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Mitral annular calcification (MAC) is a common degenerative condition affecting the heart's mitral valve support.
  • MAC is linked to increased risks of mitral valve dysfunction, mortality, and poorer outcomes in cardiac procedures.
  • Current imaging methods like echocardiography have limitations in differentiating calcification from dense collagen.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and evaluate a novel 3D transesophageal maximal intensity projection (MIP) mapping technique for assessing MAC.
  • To demonstrate the utility of 3D MIP mapping for real-time visualization of MAC distribution and depth.
  • To establish 3D MIP mapping as a promising tool for cardiac interventions involving MAC.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized novel three-dimensional transesophageal maximal intensity projection (MIP) mapping.
  • Applied the technique for real-time visualization of mitral annular calcification (MAC) distribution and depth.
  • Assessed the tool's effectiveness in pre-procedural planning and intra-procedural guidance for cardiac interventions.

Main Results:

  • The 3D transesophageal MIP mapping technique provides real-time visualization of MAC.
  • It allows for detailed assessment of MAC distribution and depth within the cardiac anatomy.
  • The method shows promise for enhancing the accuracy and safety of cardiac interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Novel 3D transesophageal MIP mapping is a valuable tool for MAC assessment.
  • This technique improves visualization compared to traditional echocardiography, especially in distinguishing calcification.
  • It holds significant potential for guiding cardiac interventions and improving patient outcomes.