Finite Element Modeling and Vibration Control of Plates with Active Constrained Layer Damping Treatment

An enhanced lightness and thinness is the inevitable trend of modern industrial production, which will also lead to prominent low-frequency vibration problems in the associated structure. To solve the vibration problem of thin plate structures in various engineering fields, the active constrained layer damping (ACLD) thin plate structure is taken as the research object to study vibration control. Based on the FEM method, energy method, and Hamilton principle, the dynamic model of an ACLD thin plate structure is derived, in which the Golla-Hughes-McTavish (GHM) model is used to characterize the damping characteristics of the viscoelastic layer, and the equivalent Rayleigh damping is used to characterize the damping characteristics of the base layer. The order of the model is reduced based on the high-precision physical condensation method and balance reduction method, and the model has good controllability and observability. An LQR controller is designed to actively control the ACLD sheet, and the controller parameters and piezoelectric sheet parameters are optimized. The results show that the finite element model established in this paper is accurate under different boundary conditions, and the model can still accurately and reliably describe the dynamic characteristics of the original system in the time and frequency domain after using the joint reduction method. Under different excitation and boundary conditions, LQR control can effectively suppress structural vibration. Considering the performance and cost balance, the most suitable control parameter for the system is: Q-matrix coefficient is between 1 × 10⁴ and 1 × 10⁵, the R-matrix coefficient is between 1 and 10, and the thickness of the piezoelectric plate is 0.5 mm.