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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Tongue01:01

Tongue

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The human tongue is a fascinating and complex organ, responsible for various essential functions such as swallowing, speech, and taste. It is also subject to various conditions and diseases. In this article, we delve into the anatomy of the tongue, its roles, and some common conditions that can affect it.
Anatomical Position in the Oral Cavity
The tongue is located within the oral cavity, also known as the mouth. It is attached to the floor of the mouth by a fold of mucous membrane called the...
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The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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The Tongue and Taste Buds00:49

The Tongue and Taste Buds

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The surface of the tongue is covered with various small bumps called papillae, which either distribute what has been ingested (filiform papillae) or contain the sensory taste (or gustatory) receptor cells (fungiform, circumvallate, and foliate papillae). Embedded within each taste-related papilla are the taste buds—clusters of 30 to 100 gustatory receptor cells.
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Assessment of the Mouth01:26

Assessment of the Mouth

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A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
Mouth Inspection
The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 8, 2025

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration
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Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration

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Tongue Base Ectopic Thyroid Tissue-Is It a Rare Encounter?

Balica Nicolae Constantin1,2, Trandafir Cornelia Marina1,2, Stefanescu Horatiu Eugen1,2

  • 1ENT Department, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bd. Revolutiei No. 6, 300054 Timisoara, Romania.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
|February 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Ectopic thyroid tissue in the tongue base is a rare adult condition. This case highlights a 79-year-old female with dysphagia successfully treated with tumor removal.

Keywords:
dysphagiaectopic thyroid tissuetongue baseupper airway obstruction

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Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy
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Transoral Robotic Total Thyroidectomy and Bilateral Central Regional Lymph Node Dissection for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Head and Neck Surgery
  • Embryology

Background:

  • Thyroid development anomalies are uncommon in adults.
  • Ectopic thyroid tissue can occur along the thyroglossal duct pathway.

Observation:

  • A 79-year-old female presented with dysphagia and airway obstruction.
  • Clinical examination revealed a normal-appearing mass at the tongue base.
  • Imaging confirmed the mass as ectopic thyroid tissue.

Findings:

  • The patient was diagnosed with a tongue base ectopic thyroid.
  • Surgical removal via a transhyoid approach resolved the symptoms.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of considering rare embryological remnants in adult diagnoses.
  • Surgical intervention can effectively manage symptomatic ectopic thyroid tissue.
  • Highlights the need for comprehensive differential diagnosis in head and neck masses.