Point-of-Care Ultrasonography Helped to Rapidly Detect Pneumomediastinum in a Vomiting Female

Vomiting-induced pneumomediastinum is a rare presentation and can be a result of alveolar rupture (Mackler effect) or Boerhaave syndrome. Patients diagnosed with Boerhaave syndrome may present with the classic Mackler triad of vomiting, chest pain, and subcutaneous emphysema. However, there exists a large overlap of symptoms accompanying Boerhaave syndrome and the Macklin effect, including retrosternal chest pain, neck discomfort, cough, sore throat, dysphagia, dysphonia, and dyspnea. Boerhaave syndrome is a dangerous condition. Delayed diagnosis of Boerhaave syndrome may worsen sepsis and cause mortality. Therefore, early diagnosis and timely management are important to prevent further complications. Here, we present a case of vomiting-induced pneumomediastinum, which supports the use of bedside ultrasonography to aid in the diagnosis and rapid differentiation of etiology of pneumomediastinum.