Metabolites That Confirm Induction and Release of Dormancy Phases in Sweet Cherry Buds

Here we report on metabolites found in a targeted profiling of 'Summit' flower buds for nine years, which could be indicators for the timing of endodormancy release (t₁) and beginning of ontogenetic development (t₁*). Investigated metabolites included chrysin, arabonic acid, pentose acid, sucrose, abscisic acid (ABA), and abscisic acid glucose ester (ABA-GE). Chrysin and water content showed an almost parallel course between leaf fall and t₁*. After 'swollen bud', water content raised from ~60 to ~80% at open cluster, while chrysin content decreased and lost its function as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Both parameters can be suitable indicators for t₁*. Arabonic acid showed a clear increase after t₁*. Pentose acid would be a suitable metabolite to identify t₁ and t₁*, but would not allow describing the ecodormancy phase, because of its continuously low value during this time. Sucrose reached a maximum during ecodormancy and showed a significant correlation with air temperature, which confirms its cryoprotective role in this phase. The ABA content showed maximum values during endodormancy and decreased during ecodormancy, reaching 50% of its content t₁ at t₁*. It appears to be the key metabolite to define the ecodormancy phase. The ABA-GE was present at all stages and phases and was much higher than the ABA content and is a readily available storage pool in cherry buds.