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Multifaceted Structurally Coloured Materials: Diffraction and Total Internal Reflection (TIR) from Nanoscale Surface

Annabelle Tan1,2, Zain Ahmad1, Pete Vukusic3

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 25, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created 3D materials with unique structural colors using surface diffraction and total internal reflection. These materials change color in response to their environment, opening doors for advanced material design.

Keywords:
GRISMdiffractionmultiaxialmultifacetedplasma oxidationpolydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)polyhedrastructural colourtotal internal reflection (TIR)wrinkling

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Optics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Structural colour arises from light interaction with nanoscale structures.
  • Controlling structural colour in 3D materials is challenging.
  • Surface diffraction and total internal reflection (TIR) offer tunable optical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the combined effects of surface diffraction and TIR on structural colour in 3D materials.
  • To explore how wrinkling patterns, light, and observation angles influence perceived colours.
  • To demonstrate environmentally responsive and easily fabricated optical materials.

Main Methods:

  • Mechanical wrinkling to create diffraction gratings on elastomeric slabs.
  • Systematic variation of wrinkling patterns, light directionality, and observation angles.
  • Fabrication of a GRISM (GRating + prISM) by combining a prism with a surface grating.

Main Results:

  • Distinct structural colours were observed on different facets of the 3D materials.
  • A simple model accurately predicted experimental observations.
  • Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) based materials showed environment-responsive colour changes.
  • Successful fabrication of a GRISM device.

Conclusions:

  • The study demonstrates a method for designing 3D materials with tunable, multi-faceted structural colours.
  • The developed materials exhibit environmental responsiveness, useful for sensors.
  • The GRISM fabrication showcases potential for integrated optical devices.
  • Predictive material design is achievable using multi-axial wrinkling and complex geometries.