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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
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Study Designs in Epidemiology

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Epidemiological study designs are fundamental tools for investigating the distribution, determinants, and control of health conditions in populations. They help researchers understand the relationships between exposures and outcomes, and they broadly fall into two categories: "observational" and "experimental" studies.
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Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...
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Correction: Pramesthi et al. Evaluating the Impact of Indonesia's National School Feeding Program (ProGAS) on Children's Nutrition and Learning Environment: A Mixed-Methods Approach. <i>Nutrients</i> 2025, <i>17</i>, 3575.

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Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia
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Nutrients and Dementia: Prospective Study.

Hikaru Takeuchi1, Ryuta Kawashima1,2,3

  • 1Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.

Nutrients
|February 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dietary habits impact dementia risk. Avoiding alcohol and excessive sugars, carbohydrates, fats, magnesium, and protein may increase dementia risk. Moderate nutrient intake is key for brain health.

Keywords:
dementiamagnesiumnutrientsproteinsugar

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Area of Science:

  • Nutrition science
  • Epidemiology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Diet and nutrient intake are critical factors influencing cognitive health and dementia risk.
  • Understanding specific dietary patterns associated with dementia is essential for public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between the intake of various nutrients and the risk of developing dementia in middle-aged and older European adults.
  • To identify specific nutrient intake levels linked to increased or decreased dementia risk.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cohort study analyzing data from approximately 160,000 European adults followed until 2021.
  • Nutrient intake assessed using a web-based 24-hour dietary recall.
  • Dementia risk evaluated using Cox proportional hazard models, adjusting for confounding factors.

Main Results:

  • Higher dementia risk was associated with no alcohol intake, high intake of total sugars and carbohydrates, extreme (highest or lowest) fat intake, and highest protein intake.
  • Extremes in magnesium intake (highest or lowest quintiles) were also linked to increased dementia risk compared to moderate intake.
  • Conversely, moderate intake of these nutrients appeared protective against dementia.

Conclusions:

  • Dietary patterns, particularly concerning alcohol, sugars, carbohydrates, fats, magnesium, and protein, significantly influence dementia risk.
  • Maintaining a moderate intake of key nutrients is crucial for cognitive health and potentially reducing dementia incidence.
  • These findings underscore the importance of balanced nutrition in preventing dementia in older populations.