Transcriptomics Dissection of Calorie Restriction and Exercise Training in Brown Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle.

Area of Science:

• Metabolic Physiology
• Molecular Biology
• Thermogenesis Research

Background:

• Calorie restriction (CR) and exercise training (EX) are key interventions for metabolic diseases like obesity and diabetes.
• Brown adipose tissue (BAT) and skeletal muscle are crucial thermogenic organs.
• Understanding their molecular responses to CR and EX is vital for metabolic health research.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the transcriptional reprogramming of BAT and skeletal muscle in response to CR and/or EX.
• To identify alterations in adipokines and myokines.
• To explore cellular subpopulation changes and inter-organ communication in thermogenic tissues.

Main Methods:

• Transcriptional profiling of BAT and skeletal muscle from mice subjected to CR and/or EX.
• Analysis of gene expression for adipokines and myokines.
• Deconvolution analysis for cell subpopulation identification and NicheNet analysis for inter-organ communication.

Main Results:

• CR induced significant transcriptional reprogramming in both BAT and skeletal muscle, while EX had minimal impact.
• CR altered the expression of adipokines in BAT and myokines in skeletal muscle.
• Both CR and EX influenced distinct cell subpopulations within BAT and skeletal muscle, and revealed potential cross-talk in metabolic regulation.

Conclusions:

• Calorie restriction is a potent driver of molecular adaptation in thermogenic tissues.
• CR and EX differentially affect cellular composition and intercellular communication pathways.
• These findings provide a comprehensive resource for studying thermogenic tissue responses to lifestyle interventions.