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COVID-19 among People Living with HTLV-1 Infection in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Marzia Puccioni-Sohler1,2, Alana Cristina Jasset Miranda1, Cíntia da Silva Mello2

  • 1Escola de Medicina e Cirurgia, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20271-062, RJ, Brazil.

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 25, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) did not increase lethal outcomes in individuals with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). However, HTLV-1 patients with COVID-19 frequently experienced post-COVID symptoms, highlighting the need for mental health support.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The impact of COVID-19 on individuals with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) remains unclear.
  • HTLV-1 infection is a chronic viral infection with potential immune system implications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate COVID-19 risk factors and outcomes in HTLV-1-infected individuals.
  • To investigate the clinical features and vaccination status of HTLV-1 patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of 51 HTLV-1 seropositive outpatients in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (2020-2022).
  • Comparison of demographic and comorbidity factors between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 groups.
  • Analysis of clinical features, severity, and post-COVID-19 symptoms in infected individuals.

Main Results:

  • 19 out of 51 (37.3%) HTLV-1 individuals were diagnosed with COVID-19.
  • Anxiety was significantly more frequent in the COVID-19 group (57.9%) compared to the non-COVID-19 group (15.6%).
  • Most COVID-19 cases (68%) had mild/moderate illness; 26.3% had severe illness. Post-COVID symptoms were common (57.9%), particularly in unvaccinated individuals.

Conclusions:

  • HTLV-1 infection did not appear to increase the risk of severe or lethal COVID-19 outcomes.
  • HTLV-1 patients are susceptible to post-COVID-19 conditions, emphasizing the need for mental health monitoring.
  • Vaccination status and mental health support are crucial for HTLV-1-infected individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Keywords:
COVID-19HTLV-1HTLV-1-associated myelopathySARS-CoV-2anxietypost-COVID-19vaccination

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