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Honokiol-Loaded Nanoemulsion for Glioblastoma Treatment: Statistical Optimization, Physicochemical Characterization,
Aleksandra Gostyńska1, Joanna Czerniel1, Joanna Kuźmińska1
1Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Grunwaldzka, 60-780 Poznan, Poland.
Background:
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an extremely invasive and heterogenous malignant brain tumor. Despite advances in current anticancer therapy, treatment options for glioblastoma remain limited, and tumor recurrence is inevitable. Therefore, alternative therapies or new active compounds that can be used as adjuvant therapy are needed. This study aimed to develop, optimize, and characterize honokiol-loaded nanoemulsions intended for intravenous administration in glioblastoma therapy.
Methods:
Honokiol-loaded nanoemulsion was developed by incorporating honokiol into Lipofundin MCT/LCT 20% using a horizontal shaker. The Box-Behnken design, coupled with response surface methodology, was used to optimize the incorporation process. The effect of the developed formulation on glioblastoma cell viability was determined using the MTT test. Long-term and short-term stress tests were performed to evaluate the effect of honokiol on the stability of the oil-in-water system and the effect of different stress factors on the stability of honokiol, respectively. Its physicochemical properties, such as MDD, PDI, ZP, OSM, pH, and loading efficiency (LE%), were determined.
Results:
The optimized honokiol-loaded nanoemulsion was characterized by an MDD of 201.4 (0.7) nm with a PDI of 0.07 (0.02) and a ZP of -28.5 (0.9) mV. The LE% of honokiol was above 95%, and pH and OSM were sufficient for intravenous administration. The developed formulation was characterized by good stability and a satisfactory toxicity effect of the glioblastoma cell lines.
Conclusions:
The honokiol-loaded nanoemulsion is a promising pharmaceutical formulation for further development in the adjuvant therapy of glioblastoma.
Insights
This study developed optimized honokiol-loaded nanoemulsions for glioblastoma (GBM) therapy. The formulation showed good stability and effectively reduced glioblastoma cell viability, indicating its potential as an adjuvant treatment.
Area of Science:
- Nanotechnology
- Oncology
- Pharmaceutical Sciences
Background:
- Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor with limited treatment options.
- Tumor recurrence is common, necessitating novel adjuvant therapies.
- Honokiol, a natural compound, is being investigated for its anticancer properties.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and optimize honokiol-loaded nanoemulsions for intravenous glioblastoma therapy.
- To characterize the physicochemical properties and stability of the nanoemulsion.
- To evaluate the efficacy of the formulation against glioblastoma cell lines.
Main Methods:
- Nanoemulsions were prepared by incorporating honokiol into a lipid emulsion.
- Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology were used for optimization.
- Physicochemical properties (MDD, PDI, ZP, LE%), stability, and cytotoxicity (MTT assay) were assessed.
Main Results:
- Optimized nanoemulsions exhibited a mean droplet diameter (MDD) of 201.4 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.07, and zeta potential (ZP) of -28.5 mV.
- Loading efficiency (LE%) exceeded 95%, with suitable pH and osmolality for intravenous administration.
- The formulation demonstrated good stability and significant glioblastoma cell line toxicity.
Conclusions:
- Honokiol-loaded nanoemulsions represent a promising formulation for glioblastoma treatment.
- This nanoemulsion formulation warrants further investigation as an adjuvant therapy for glioblastoma.
- The developed nanoemulsion shows potential for improving glioblastoma therapeutic outcomes.
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