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Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists01:24

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists

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Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by...
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Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors01:23

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors

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Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease widely distributed in the body. It's involved in the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP hormones, which are crucial for insulin regulation. DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta), alogliptin (Nesina), and vildagliptin (Galvus), help increase the proportion of active GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion. These inhibitors work by competitively binding to DPP-4. This binding causes a...
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Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides01:06

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides

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Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively...
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Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation01:25

Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation

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The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
Damage or functional impairment of β-cells inhibits insulin production, leading to diabetes. Diabetes treatment...
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Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors01:19

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors

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α-glucosidase inhibitors, including acarbose (Precose), miglitol (Glyset), and voglibose (Voglib) (primarily available in Asia), are drugs that control blood sugar levels by delaying the digestion of starch and disaccharides. They achieve this by inhibiting α-glucosidase enzymes in the intestine, which slow the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine, which in turn leads to a prolonged release of the glucoregulatory hormone GLP-1 from intestinal L-cells.
Acarbose and miglitol are...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 8, 2025

A Tripeptide-Stabilized Nanoemulsion of Oleic Acid
10:42

A Tripeptide-Stabilized Nanoemulsion of Oleic Acid

Published on: February 27, 2019

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Glycomimetic Peptides as Therapeutic Tools.

J Kenneth Hoober1, Laura L Eggink1

  • 1Susavion Biosciences, Inc., 1615 W. University Drive, Suite 132, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.

Pharmaceutics
|February 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Therapeutic peptides mimicking sugars offer a novel approach to immune cell modulation. These high-avidity peptide ligands, discovered via phage display, present advantages over traditional sugar-based drugs for immune therapies.

Keywords:
CLEC10Adose responseeczemaglycomimetic peptidestransglutaminase 2

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Peptide-based Identification of Functional Motifs and their Binding Partners
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Last Updated: Aug 8, 2025

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Development of a Backbone Cyclic Peptide Library as Potential Antiparasitic Therapeutics Using Microwave Irradiation
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Peptide-based Identification of Functional Motifs and their Binding Partners
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Peptide-based Identification of Functional Motifs and their Binding Partners

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Area of Science:

  • Glycobiology and immunology
  • Therapeutic peptide development

Background:

  • Peptides are established as endocrine regulators and vaccine epitopes.
  • The field of glycobiology explores carbohydrate-protein interactions, including lectin receptors.
  • Modulating immune cell activity is a key therapeutic goal.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the emerging use of peptides as mimics of sugars (glycans).
  • To highlight peptides targeting lectin-type receptors for immune cell modulation.
  • To discuss the advantages of peptide-based therapeutics over carbohydrate drugs.

Main Methods:

  • Screening of phage display libraries to identify peptide ligands.
  • Discovery of peptides that mimic carbohydrate structures.
  • Synthesis of multivalent peptide structures for enhanced avidity.

Main Results:

  • Identification of novel peptide sugar mimetics.
  • Demonstration of significant potential for these peptides as therapeutic tools.
  • Multivalent synthesis enhances the avidity of peptide ligands.

Conclusions:

  • Peptide-based glycomimetics represent a unique therapeutic strategy.
  • These peptides offer a promising new avenue for immune cell modulation.
  • Peptides present distinct advantages over sugars for therapeutic applications in immunology.