Strategic transgene-free approaches of CRISPR-based genome editing in plants

Genome editing through the alteration of nucleotide sequence has already revolutionized the field of site-directed mutagenesis for a decade. However, research in terms of precision and efficacy in targeting the loci and reduction in off-target mutation has always been a priority when DNA is involved. Therefore, recent research interest lies in utilizing the same precision technology but results in non-transgenic. In this review article, different technological advancements have been explained, which may provide a holistic concept of and need for transgene-free genome editing. The advantage and lacunas of each technology have been critically discussed to deliver a transparent view to the readers. A systematic analysis and evaluation of published research articles implied that researchers across the globe are putting continuous efforts in this direction to eliminate the hindrance of transgenic regulation. Nevertheless, this approach has severe implications legitimate for mitigating the conflict of acceptance, reliability, and generosity of gene-editing technology and sustainably retorting to the expanding global population feeding challenges.